学起来：美国学生的写作套路

As you've probably noticed, essay writing assignments can pop up in any class.Any time you have to write anessay, you should begin with a frame based on the parts below.
可能你有注意过，任何一门课都可能出现写作任务。每次写作你都可以采用下面提供的框架。
Introduction
导言
The introduction is the first paragraph in your essay, and it should accomplish a few specific goals.
导言是文章的首段，应达到一下几个目的。
1. Capture the reader's interest.
吸引读者兴趣
It's a good idea to start your essay with a really interesting statement, in order to pique the reader's interest.
要吸引读者的兴趣，开头采用一段有趣的陈述是个好方法。
Avoid starting out with a boring line like this:
但要避免无聊的行文，比如：
"In this essay I will explain why Rosa Parks was an important figure."
“在这篇文章里，我要阐明为何罗莎·帕克斯是个伟人。”
Instead, try something with a bit of a surprise factor, like this statement:
相反，可以试着引用让人惊讶的事情，比如：
"A Michigan museum recently paid $492,000 for an old, dilapidated bus from Montgomery, Alabama."
“近，密歇根的一家博物馆话费4.92万美元从亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利市购进了一辆老旧的公交车。”
The second sentence sounds much more interesting, doesn't it? It would encourage most people to keep on reading.
相比之下第二句话更吸引人，是吧？这会吸引大多数读者往下读。
2. Introduce the topic.
介绍话题
The next few sentences should explain your first statement, and prepare the reader for your thesis statement.
接下来的几句话应该开始陈述，让读者接受你的论点。
"The old yellow bus was reported to be the very one that sparked the civil rights movement, when a young woman named Rosa Parks..."
“据说，正是这辆老旧的黄色公交车点燃了民权运动的火花，当时，车上有一位名叫罗莎·帕克斯的年轻女性乘客……”
3. Make a claim or express your opinion in a thesis sentence.
用中心句表达观点
At the end of your introductory paragraph, you will place a powerful thesis statement. Your thesis sentence should provide your specific assertion and convey a clear point of view.
在导言段的结尾处，你要表明有力的中心论点。中心论点应该是具体、明确的判断。
"In refusing to surrender her seat to a white man, Rosa Parks inspired a freedom movement that lives on, even today."
“罗莎·帕克斯拒绝向白人让座，拉开了自由运动的序幕，而这场运动一直延续至今。”